Using Calculus to Calculate Elasticities

Utilizing Calculus to Calculate Elasticities [Q:] I comprehend the conditions you have on your site with respect to the adjustment in amount requested and change in cost to compute the versatility. How might I convert this condition into those sorts? I dont very comprehend what this condition implies. No other information was given. Request is Qx 110 - 4Px. What is value (point) flexibility at $5? [A:]Elasticity is given by the recipe: Versatility (rate change in Z)/(rate change in Y) We perceived how to figure different versatilities when were given numerical models. Be that as it may, how would we ascertain a versatility when were given a recipe, for example, Z f(X)? Use Calculus to Find the Elasticity! Utilizing some genuinely essential math, we can show that (rate change in Z)/(rate change in Y) (dZ/dY)*(Y/Z) where dZ/dY is the halfway subordinate of Z regarding Y. In this manner we can compute any versatility through the recipe: Flexibility of Z regarding Y (dZ/dY)*(Y/Z) Well glance at how to apply this to four distinct circumstances: Utilizing Calculus To Calculate Price Elasticity of DemandUsing Calculus To Calculate Income Elasticity of DemandUsing Calculus To Calculate Cross-Price Elasticity of DemandUsing Calculus To Calculate Price Elasticity of Supply Next: Using Calculus To Calculate Price Elasticity of Demand

Doppelganger and King Kong English Speech Free Essays

Presentation: â€Å"Good morning/evening class and *teacher*, today I will be talking about how Michael Parker, the creator of Doppelganger and Peter Jackson, the chief of the film King Kong, precisely depict the primary idea of the Beast Within through the imagery of veils and the ideas of treachery and trickery. I will discuss Josh and Andrew from Doppelganger, Carl Denham and the individuals that he controlled and influenced through his misdirection, from King Kong and disclose their commitments to the fundamental thought of the Beast Within, how they wear a veil and how they depict the ideas of Duplicity and Betrayal. Body Paragraph 1: (Doppelganger) â€Å"In Parker’s tale, Doppelganger, a key character, Josh, shows that he has a cleverness and naughty side in the dystopic Sydney when he premeditatedly (intentionally) gives Andrew a Raksi that is spiked with the medication QZ45. We will compose a custom paper test on Doppelganger and King Kong English Speech or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Andrew drinks the Raksi with no information on the ‘added ingredient’ and when he drinks it he understands that it tastes distinctive to how it did beforehand, when he attempted some with Josh in the bar. He saw that Josh was acting in an eager way, as though he was trusting that something will detonate on him, the likeness in the content, â€Å"It had a somewhat unique taste †as though sand was added to it,† is utilized by Parker to show that Andrew had a doubt that something wasn't right with the Raksi. Notwithstanding this, he trusted Josh enough to proceed to have much another shot of the â€Å"ethanol† smelling Raksi, with the premonition sandy substance half broke down into it. After this subsequent shot, Andrew starts to feel something â€Å"Jolting the neurones†, and when Andrew at last discovers what Josh joshed, coolly specifies that he â€Å"Just added something to the Raksi† and grins. Josh wears an allegorical veil in this circumstance, since he needs to go about as though there is nothing amiss with the Raksi, he even discussions unemotionally about how the Hallboys will be â€Å"yelling for† the QZ45, trying to cause it to appear to be less dubious to Andrew. Josh depicts the subject of selling out on the grounds that he actually double-crosses the trust of Andrew by spiking the beverage, since Andrew at any rate had ‘some’ trust for Josh in the Dystopic Sydney. The way that Josh gave Andrew the QZ45 implied that there is currently an entirely different arrangement of occasions that influence the storyline; Andrew winds up executing ‘boy’ in light of the fact that the QZ45 has a psychological and physical impact, where the taker feels ‘ready to battle or kill’. For this situation, kid drives Andrew mad, by slicing him with a blade during the pursuit in the passages, and Andrew goes on an insane frenzy and slaughters kid. Andrew before long turns out to be liable that he murdered kid since he understands that in the ordinary Sydney ‘boy’ is a child named Derek, who bites the dust in an auto accident, which makes Andrew consistently accept that on the off chance that one individual is slaughtered in the Dystopic Sydney, this equivalent happening will reflect in a marginally extraordinary way, in the typical Sydney. Josh likewise exhibits the idea of the Beast Within through the plain insidious of what he did to Andrew, the abhorrent goals of Josh were the motivation behind why he did it, it wasn’t to spare anyone’s life, similar to Andrew winds up doing later on in the content, however it was all piece of Josh’s plan to turn into the proprietor of the metsin production line so he could turn into the most extravagant and most celebrated individual in the Dystopic Sydney, he was happy to execute numerous individuals to get his longing and he figured out how to get an entire posse of ‘hallboys’ to hear him out and do it. Body Paragraph 2: (King Kong): In the film, King Kong, Ann Darrow, a key character, is first observed as a pleasant young lady who is battling to pay her way through life. This is on the grounds that she winds up losing her position at the theater; she is depicted as an edgy jobless on-screen character, diminished to vagrancy by the Great Depression. Ann is allowed the chance to be a stripper to get her some cash, yet she winds up leaving since she doesn’t need to fall back on something as shameless as that. Carl Denham, another key character, is a wannabe movie chief very nearly insolvency. He is treated with disdain by the entirety of the film studios in New York, in spite of having some phenomenal film of normal natural life. Carl winds up settling on split second choices on another film that he is wanting to make, in light of a thought that there is an island and a legendary mammoth out in some sea, that he isn’t even sure about totally. He is feeling the loss of a lead entertainer, since his initial one is taking a shot at another film. Carl needs a young lady that fits into a size 4 dress. He winds up taking a gander at the strip club where for reasons unknown Ann Darrow, a now previous Vaudeville entertainer, is likewise standing, straightforwardly behind him, since she is searching for a spot where she can procure some cash. He is going to stroll in, when he appears to see the figure in the impression of the entryway window. He sees that she strolls off. Before long, Ann endeavors to take an apple from an organic product stand and is gotten. Carl bounces in similarly as it begins to get warmed, and he makes all the difference! He causes it to appear as though she dropped the cash by saying â€Å"Excuse me, Ma’am, I think you dropped this. † This shows Carl is extremely clever in the way of getting what he needs. He picked the ideal chance to get Ann’s consideration, in an apparently decent way. This affirms Carl does in certainty wear a figurative cover, since he needs to act like he is some great, adorable individual, who can’t do anything incorrectly, however before long, the entirety of the group and entertainers that he hauled along on the trap of an excursion to an island that he didn’t even know was there in any case, understand that he is a fanciful and plotting character whom will put anyone’s life in danger to get what he wants†¦ FAME, GLORY AND RICHES through the â€Å"price of an affirmation ticket† as he obviously said after old buddy and cameraman †Herbert †was executed by a swarm of hungry Velociraptor-like dinosaurs that came and snacked him away into the shadows. Significantly after Herbert was murdered, he keeps on going on about how he will proceed with the film and get the cash that he needs to obviously â€Å"donate it to the spouse and kids,† of the perished, Peter Jackson changes the music as Carl says this to cause it to appear that he is deluding everybody. This procedure through music permits drives us into the idea that Carl is in reality a misleading individual. In spite of the fact that it might be very simple for a few of us to accept that Kong would be the one to depict the ‘beast within’ in this film, it so happens that it isn't, if Kong slaughters in the film, it is never in light of the fact that he needs to do it because of despise, but since he is just attempting to safeguard his region and keep his little companion, Ann, safe from animals and different people. Carl is the mammoth. Carl is definitely not an inhumane executioner, or someone hoping to exploit a lady, on account of the inquiry that he posed Ann: â€Å"You wouldn’t happen to be a size 4 by any possibility?. † He is none of these things, however he can at present be classed as a brute, since he does silly and wild things that chance different people’s lives and really wind up slaughtering a significant number of them. End: The center idea of the imagery of veils, double-crossing, trickery and the key thought of the â€Å"Beast Within† are portrayed with both quality and precision by Michael Parker, the creator of Doppelganger, and Peter Jackson, the executive of King Kong. The two of them do this through different film and writing echniques, for example, comparison, music in film, imagery, characterisation, anticipating and key occasions. Josh from Doppelganger certainly shows the Beast Within and the idea of veils through his misleading and insidiousness mentality toward s Andrew, he additionally exhibits selling out †of trust †when he adds the QZ45 to Andrew’s Raksi. Carl Denham from King Kong exhibits that he has a ‘Beast Within’ and that he wears a veil through his activities and his showing of his degenerate musings through his exchange. He never murdered anybody straightforwardly, however he in a roundabout way did by deluding and conveying along the team and entertainers and on-screen character on an excursion to a spot that he didn’t even know was genuine. Much thanks to YOU. The most effective method to refer to Doppelganger and King Kong English Speech, Essay models

Catholics and Evolution :: essays research papers

Catholics and Evolution      One of the most significant inquiries for each informed Catholic of today is: What is to be thought of the hypothesis of advancement? Is it to be dismissed as unwarranted and hostile to Christianity, or is it to be acknowledged as a set up hypothesis out and out good with the standards of a Christian origination of the universe?      We should cautiously recognize the various implications of the words hypothesis of advancement so as to offer an unmistakable and right response to this inquiry. We should recognize (1) between the hypothesis of advancement as a logical speculation and as a philosophical theory; (2) between the hypothesis of development as dependent on mystical standards and as dependent on a materialistic and skeptical establishment; (3) between the hypothesis of development and Darwinism; (4) between the hypothesis of advancement as applied to the vegetable and creature realms and as applied to man. (1) Scientific Hypothesis versus Philosophical Speculation      As a logical speculation, the hypothesis of advancement tries to decide the verifiable progression of the different types of plants and of creatures on our earth, and, with the guide of palã ¦ontology and different sciences, for example, similar morphology, embryology, and bionomy, to show how over the span of the diverse land ages they step by step advance from their beginnings by simply regular reasons for explicit turn of events. The hypothesis of development, at that point, as a logical theory, doesn't think about the current types of plants and of creatures as structures legitimately made by God, yet as the conclusive outcome of an advancement from different species existing in previous topographical periods. Henceforth it is called "the hypothesis of evolution", or "the hypothesis of descent", since it infers the drop of the present from wiped out species. This hypothesis is against the hypot hesis of consistency, which expect the changelessness of natural species. The logical hypothesis of advancement, hence, doesn't worry about the birthplace of life. It just asks into the hereditary relations of methodical species, genera, and families, and tries to organize them as per common arrangement of plummet (hereditary trees).      How far is the hypothesis of advancement dependent on watched realities? It is comprehended to be still just a speculation. The arrangement of new species is straightforwardly seen in however a couple of cases, and just concerning such structures as are firmly identified with one another; for example, the precise types of the plant-family Ã…'nothera, and of the scarab sort Dimarda.

Airport Technology in UK

Question: Examining the effect of UK air terminal security systems and the innovation being utilized and the effects from the travelers see. Answer: Presentation In the ongoing years, the insurance of travelers has become a significant worry for air terminals; the need of air terminal security systems is profoundly basic while guaranteeing traveler assurance. Air terminal security alludes to the utilization of strategies or any cutting edge methods as a methods for ensuring airplane, staff and above all travelers, from any criminal dangers or malignant/unintentional mischief. We as a whole realize that air terminals are involved by masses of individuals consistently, in this way, turning out to be potential focuses for psychological militant assaults and other crimes. Thus, it turns out to be exceptionally fundamental for air terminal security associations to keep any such events from occurring; they not just work towards keeping any such exercises from happening inside the air terminal premises yet in addition from entering the nation. As of late, a few instances of seizing have surfaced on media, which much of the time have brought about extreme misfortune to the humanity. Because of the potential high number of passings that may happen from assaulting airplanes and the potential utilization of seized airplanes as weapons against nation governments, air terminals become number one focuses for fear based oppressor assaults. In this way, air terminals ceaselessly move in the direction of upgrading security methods as a methods for guaranteeing wellbeing; the overall population has to realize that they are sheltered and ensured while they travel abroad. (Vishwanath, 2003). A huge assortment of hardware is utilized via air terminal security proficient as a methods for guaranteeing open wellbeing; a portion of these supplies incorporate biometrics, discovery frameworks, imaging innovation, body scanners, unstable follow identification frameworks, packaged fluid scanners, danger imaging projection and so forth. Such development utilization of advancements at air terminals has brought about a decrease in the odds of event of fear based oppressor assaults. In any case, simultaneously, it has significantly affected the traveler see with respect to air terminal safety efforts. Indeed, utilization of such meddling innovation has makes the voyaging open contradict a portion of the measures that they accept to be dishonest and disregarding they individual space protection. Coming up next is a writing survey on air terminal security strategies utilized air terminals in UK. It examines the various sorts of advancements being actualized and utilized at air terminals via air terminal security associations and how they influence traveler see. The report will consider the security methods at different air terminals in UK, for example, Glasgow air terminal, Heathrow air terminal, Birmingham air terminal, Leeds Bradford air terminal, Gatwick air terminal Stanstead air terminal. Thus, the accompanying survey additionally talks about the ongoing turns of events and options to the security systems and air terminals and what reaction these procedures have gotten by the voyaging open for example regardless of whether if these headways in the security strategies are valued by the travelers or saw as infringement to their protection and individual space. How accomplishes Airport Security work? First line of Defense The first line of guard in quite a while alludes to the dividers, obstructions and wall that encompass air terminal ground. The purpose behind their usage is self-evident; to ensure the air terminal premises. It is important to guarantee that the air terminal isn't available to all people in order to dispose of the danger of potential psychological oppressor or criminal assaults (Dahlgaard, 2004). By encompassing air terminal premises with tall wall, dividers and boundaries that are hard to climb, air terminal associations take out the odds of anybody entering the premises without approval and personality confirmation. Moreover, a few security watches are made to examine the air terminal justification for any disturbance at the fence lines, consistently. Touchy zones, for example, terminals, stuff taking care of zones or fuel warehouses, are given higher security as security checkpoints and wall. Personality Verification Affirming and confirming ones personality is perhaps one of the most significant safety efforts at an air terminal. It is exceptionally fundamental to affirm and check the personalities of the travelers voyaging utilizing air terminal offices. Hence, travelers are required to introduce their international IDs if voyaging abroad and Photo IDs if voyaging locally. Be that as it may, basically introducing your identification or personal IDs is not, at this point enough; these days biometric estimations are additionally being taken as a methods for affirming and checking character. Biometrics just alludes to the confirmation of individual by checking fingerprints, facial examples and retinal outputs utilizing PC frameworks. For example, there might be situations where people profess to be somebody else; in such cases, they personality can be built up by utilizing biometric tests. Understand that confirmation of personality is profoundly fundamental for air terminal authorities to guarantee security of voyaging open and insurance of airplanes. Any obscure individual found on the air terminal premises is frequently characteristic of potential mischief. Consequently, air terminal offices are orchestrated so that they guarantee counteraction of assaults on air terminals airplanes, avoidance of mishaps and fatalities that may result because of transportation of unsafe materials and guaranteeing security and wellbeing of travelers voyaging utilizing airplane offices. Identification Systems Metal identification frameworks assume a huge job in guaranteeing wellbeing at air terminals; people are approached to step through metal locators while every one of their things are exposed to x beam machines. Alongside metal locators a few different scanners are currently being utilized at air terminal grounds, for example, body scanners, packaged fluid scanners, propelled imaging procedures, danger imaging projections, touchy follow recognition frameworks and so on. These discovery frameworks guarantee legitimate examining of people and their assets to overlook transportation of hurtful and unlawful materials. Any individual suspected with such having a place is frequently arrested via air terminal police authorities for additional review. These frameworks guarantee open wellbeing anyway a few of these frameworks are encircled by discussions that question they meddlesome and intrusive properties. For example, body scanners are addressed for their viability alongside being accused of attack of protection (Anthes, 2008). Stuff Checking Alongside traveler checking, the things stored by travelers is likewise filtered in x-beam scanners. Notwithstanding the things that travelers convey with them, planes additionally convey enormous payloads and these freights are required to be checked and filtered before they are stacked onto the airplane. Hence, loads are exposed to x beam frameworks, for example, medium-x beam frameworks and versatile x-beam frameworks. Medium x-beam frameworks are fixed frameworks that essentially check the whole payload while portable x-beam frameworks are trucks conveying the total arrangement of x-beams which are driven other than trucks conveying loads or any substance; they examine different trucks for dubious things. Likewise, the utilization of prepared pooches despite everything proceeds; these canines sniff for synthetic smells that might be available in instances of bomb manor. These unique canines are alluded to as k-9 units; in instances of essence of dubious substance, these pooches b egin woofing. When boarding At the hour of boarding, a few measures are taken up by authorities present at boarding counters, for example, re-checking lightweight things for any hurtful things, food things fluid things or any things, for example, weapons, cutters, blades, drugs and so forth. It is significant for travelers to let air terminal authorities to finish their assignments. Since fear based oppression and criminal assaults act like a consistent danger to air terminals, any utilization of words, for example, capture, bomb, or firearm may bring about expulsion from the traveler plane and conceivable capture. All security faculties airline stewards are prepared to respond to such words right away. Security Personnels ready Each loading up flight comprises of air marshals who guarantee traveler wellbeing and security. Frequently Air marshals are camouflaged to look like standard travelers and are loaded up onto the flight like each typical traveler. These marshals are approved to convey firearms and make captures when out of luck. Regularly their assignments are left well enough alone since there are insufficient marshals to cover each flight (Mascarenhas, 2009). Therefore, nobody will ever know who the marshal is or if there even is an air marshal on flight. The idea of having an air marshal ready, has quite recently as of late added to the rundown of other safety efforts taken up via air terminal associations. Sorts of Technologies Body Scanners Presently, two kinds of body scanners are being utilized and tried in UK, which include: Rapiscan secure 1000 and millimeter wave scanners. The Rapiscan Secure 1000 is a backscatter x-beam scanner that transmits ionized radiation when endeavoring to filter the subject while millimeter wave scanners utilize radio-wave frequencies that are inside the recurrence scope of 24-30 GHz. These scanners are additionally separated into two sorts, where one sort is a machine that transmits radio waves to as to deliver a filtered picture while different utilizations characteristic radiation got normally from the subject being checked to create the picture. While actualizing the utilization of such scanners in air terminals, a few different variables are to be thought of. For example, one of the significant worries with utilizing body scanners is presenting people to high radiation that may bring about potential damage alongside abuse their security. The utilization of body scanners brought about open shock where numerous claims were charged against the utilization of body scanners as they discovered body filter machines to establishing an attack of protection. Likewise, a few inquiry the adequacy and security of such scanners because of reasons, for example, presentation to modest quantities of radiation; we realize that high portion of radiation has been connected to malignant growth.

Make a summery for this Interview Questions and Answers Essay

Make a summery for this Interview Questions and Answers - Essay Example The locale gives a PC program called TEAMS for booking. The head and the instructor commonly build up the ace timetable. Distinctive grounds take various lengths to finish the ace timetable. Once in a while, it is finished by the eend of the school year, however some grounds total it seven days before the understudies appearance nearby. Factors that impact the advancement of ace calendar basically incorporate courses that must be offered once and the educators plans. Such courses ought not be offered at the same time. The ace timetable is at long last affirmed by the direction office and the head. Variables associated with the improvement of ace timetable when masterminded in the request for diminishing significance are these; labs and specific need courses, faculty portions, offices, time, and extra-curricular exercises. Alterations in the ace calendar are made by the requirements of the understudies. Modifications are made with common accord of the head and the instructor. The ace timetable isn't influenced by the peprally, early discharge, or unique projects since these components are connected with the exceptional calendars. Objectives are recognized considering the grounds needs and the spending plan. Objectives that address the grounds needs without surpassing the spending plan are set up. The rest might be deferred. The focal office begins the planning toward the year's end which proceeds till the Summer months. The genuine financial plan isn't appeared till the following school years starting. The focal office gives help to the spending the board. The chief is helped in the dynamic procedure with respect to all issues identified with the grounds from the Site Based Decision Making (SBDM) board of trustees. Each grounds is distributed spending plan at the first of September. Financial plan incorporates various types of assets, travel, and staff advancement programs. Designation of assets is the subsequent stage. The grounds financial plan

MPA-DP students survey digital media in Cuba COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

MPA-DP students survey digital media in Cuba COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog To support innovative analysis of ICT for development, students conduct 10 days of fieldwork in and around Havana This spring a team of students from the MPA-DP (MDP) program took part in an innovative, collaborative research project to survey the use of digital media in Cuba. Now they have posted their extensive findings  on the Internet, drawing widespread interest. The study, known informally as ICT4Cuba, sought to provide an overview of the use of information and communication technologies in contemporary Cuba. It examines issues of connectivity, mobile telephone penetration, and digital platforms and explored the implications of digital technology in three areas of Cuban society: arts and culture, public health, and sustainable agriculture. Beginning in January 2016, participating students conducted two months of research and interviews in preparation for a March trip to Havana, where they carried out 10 days of field research in the Cuban capital and surrounding region. There the students surveyed more than 200 Cubans on their use of the Internet and mobile phones, and gathered new information on the state of media infrastructure and connectivity. The project was conducted under the auspices of a research seminar on digital media infrastructure in Cuba designed and led by Anne Nelson and Debi Spindelman MPA-DP ’13. Nelson, an adjunct associate professor, is a specialist in media development and has published widely on Caribbean issues, while Spindelman is a capacity development specialist who is also the MDP program’s practice manager. “The MDP program was the perfect home for this research, given its emphasis on practical projects that address under-served populations,” Nelson said. The idea for the project originated following an initial research trip Nelson took to Cuba in 2013. She and Spindelman advanced the project in consultation with Mariela Machado Fantacchiotti MPA-DP ’16. Machado, a Venezuela native and telecommunications engineer, had begun to research Cuban telecommunications in the summer of 2015 after an injury thwarted her plans to conduct fieldwork in East Timor. “We were delighted to work with someone with Mariela’s knowledge and background,” Nelson said. Six additional MDP students were selected to join the project based on their field experience and own expertise. Four of them (Machado, Ana Carolina Diaz,  Laura Lehman, and Emily Sylvia) graduated with the Class of 2016 last month, while three students (Chiara Bercu, Tricia Johnson, and Gary Verburg) will return to school this fall for their second year of study. The student researchers spoke with more than 200 Cubans, from government officials to ordinary citizens, asking about their mobile-telephone ownership, the expense of subscriptions plans, how they access data, and more. “We were able to offer a unique update to the official story of Cuba’s digital media, and report what is actually happening on the ground,” Nelson said. The team members began by surveying various aspects of Cuba’s telecommunications infrastructure. They then explored the access to ICTs and the potential of digital media in the three designated areas (arts and culture, public health, and agriculture). Drawing on past work by previous students in other countries, they conducted interviews with leading figures in each field, and prepared recommendations for innovations in ICT for Development, or ICT4D, that could support each sector. For Nelson, the findings underscored that “we need to understand the baseline of telecommunications infrastructure and behaviors before we can discuss future approaches.” The project builds on SIPA’s growing contributions to the field of ICT4D (Information and Communications Technologies for Development). The Cuba research reinforces previous findings that, while advanced apps and Internet solutions serve areas where modern ICT infrastructure is in place, regions that lack such infrastructure can benefit from basic SMS services to deliver critical information on topics such as public health issues, weather conditions and transport. The Cuba research results were highlighted in a pair of articles on the Foreign Affairs website â€" one written by Nelson and Spindelman and another written by the students. The project also benefited, Nelson said, from a partnership with Omar Z. Robles, a prominent dance photographer who accompanied the team to explore how Instagram could broaden global awareness of Cubas vibrant dance culture. Robles’s project photos have gone viral, appearing on Mashable, the Huffington Post, Univision, and other websites around the world. (One particular photo featured on Instagram received 114,000 likes less than 24 hours after it was first posted.) (Follow SIPA on Instagram!) Perhaps most impressively, the students have catalogued the extensive project findings and related materials, including links to the articles and photographs, using Columbias Wikischolars tool. Harold Cárdenas Lema, who is considered one of the leading independent bloggers in Cuba, was enthusiastic about the results of the research. Many of my friends shared the articles published by the SIPA team, and the pictures of Omar Robles were seen by many people in the island, he said. I was really proud that I could give them some tips, because they were really professional and achieved a lot. Is not easy to catch the pulse of an island in few days, but these Columbia students did it! Nelson says there are many opportunities for ICT to benefit development, and observed that the communications needs of the world’s bottom billion should not be neglected in favor of first-world issues that are more visible to researchers. For Machado, who is now working on technology for development at the New York-based NGO Engineering for Change, the project was a special one because of her passion for and expertise in ICT4Dâ€"and her involvement early on. “This project gave us the freedom to explore and find out what is really happening in terms of ICTs in Cuba,” she said. “To be published in Foreign Affairs before even graduating, and have the opportunity to add to the conversation about such a hot topic as Cuba, has opened so many doors for me. “The MPA-DP Program and Anne Nelson gave me the opportunity to contribute to this project from the start,” Machado added. “Students should remember they have all the doors open. With the right resources and support, they can also be a part of new initiatives and projects.” MPA-DP Program Director Glenn Denning said that the Cuba project’s practical outputs and widespread recognition are further validation of his program’s unique approach to problem solving. MDPs, Denning argues, are uniquely qualified to undertake applied research and analyses that will enhance the impact of the digital revolution across multiple sectors. “This is precisely what we prepare MDPs to understand and apply through their coursework and field practice,” Denning said. “We stress the importance of context, relevance, and impact of new technologies. We stress issues of scaleâ€"global, national and local. And we increasingly emphasize the need for partnerships within and across the public and private sectors, and with communities.” Denning also said the Cuba ICT4D project is just the beginning of a deeper engagement of SIPA students and faculty with Cuba as the country opens to greater cooperation and partnership.

On Criticizing Familial Love - Literature Essay Samples

One of the most universally acknowledged beliefs states that there is no bond as strong, forgiving, and irreplaceable as a mother’s love for her child. On the contrary, poet Seamus Heaney challenges this conviction throughout his poem â€Å"Bye-Child† in which the presence of social norms and religious doctrines takes priority over dignity and affection. Based upon a true story, â€Å"Bye-Child† is a testimony of seven-year-old Kevin Murphy’s tragic beginning as an illegitimate child born into a strictly Catholic Ireland where children out of wedlock were socially unacceptable. Panicked, his mother hid him for seven years inside a chicken coop in hopes of forever concealing her secret. Through his extended use of semantic fields, similes, and shifts in tone, Heaney conveys the importance of hope and patience to emphasize the omnipresence of love even in the darkest of times. The young boy’s solitude and exile from society are recurring notions throughout the poem. The fact that the poem is structured in six stanzas with exactly five lines per stanza and no rhyme scheme indicates that social norms in Catholic Ireland were extremely rigid, unforgiving, and subject to traditional Christian beliefs. The semantic field of light in the first stanza â€Å"lamp†, â€Å"glowed†, â€Å"light†, and â€Å"chink† suggests that the only signs of life that he sees are extremely limited while the line â€Å"the child in the outhouse† directly proclaims his status as a social outcast. Even the use of the personal pronoun â€Å"their† to name his mother and her husband creates a distressing distance that emphasizes his isolation from the entire world, including his own family. Moreover, the second line â€Å"a yolk of light† creates a disturbing allusion to hens with whom the boy lives due to the noun â€Å"yolkâ₠¬ , the central part of an egg that nourishes an embryo. The last line of the first stanza, â€Å"put his eye to a chink† further exemplifies the boy’s status as a social outcast since there is a definite contrast between the darkness in the chicken coop in which he lives and the light he sees from the exterior; in effect, his curiosity demonstrates an animalistic behavior consistent with his forced isolation and seclusion from society. Hence, the boy’s confinement is equally so tied to his experiences of physical abuse and neglect. There is a rupture in tone from the first to the second stanza whilst Heaney suddenly adopts a profoundly compassionate attitude and switches from a third-person to a second-person point of view. Heaney’s use of the personal pronoun â€Å"you† for the boy creates a sense of intimacy and unsettling empathy for him since it allows Heaney to directly address readers whereas the metonymy â€Å"little henhouse boy† to name Kevin is virtually derogatory because it makes a reference to his prison: the henhouse. Furthermore, the first simile â€Å"sharp-faced as new moons† provides strong visual imagery of his malnourishment while in the second simile â€Å"glimpsed like a rodent / on the floor of my mind,† Heaney imagines the boy as a tiny animal huddled inside the henhouse which is made particularly vivid through the figurative use of the noun â€Å"f loor.† The boy’s appalling physical features are further accentuated in the lines â€Å"your frail shape† and â€Å"weightless† in which Heaney suggests that years of malnutrition made the boy subject to illness, starvation, and deformation. The third stanza reiterates how the boy lives on the lowest brink of existence by calling him â€Å"kennelled and faithful† and thus compares him to a dog— paradoxically, an animal which much like Kevin himself remains faithful to his master despite atrocious treatment. Heaney establishes a heightening sense of pity where he describes how â€Å"at the foot of the yard,† Kevin was confined to live in unbearable conditions. Finally, the use of the present continuous tense in â€Å"[he] is stirring the dust† emphasizes the duration of the boy’s long-lasting agony in his squalid environment. The extent of abuse stems beyond mere physical neglect but encompasses emotional deprivation too. By forcing him to live in a shed fit for hens in filthy conditions and feeding him â€Å"dry smells from scraps†, the boy’s mother purposely rejects him and refuses to integrate him with the rest of the family, let alone the rest of the world. In fact, the use of the pronoun â€Å"she† to name the mother creates an enormous distance between her and her son to prove that she was a cold, heedless woman. The fact that she put food through the boy’s â€Å"trapdoor† demonstrates that she fed and treated her own son like a prisoner in solitary confinement which presents an enormous paradox since Kevin was abused by his own mother, a figure nearly always associated with warmth and protectiveness. The semantic field of abuse â€Å"silence†, â€Å"vigils†, â€Å"solitudes†, â€Å"fasts†, â€Å"tears†, and â€Å"puzzled loveâ⠂¬  reveals that the lack of human contact resulted in an accumulation of physical and psychological conditions that will haunt Kevin in the long-term and rob him of understanding love. Additionally, the fact that his tears were â€Å"unchristened† indicates that by not being baptized, he becomes a nameless figure without an identity. The subsequent presence of enjambment and the line â€Å"morning and evening† reflect on the difficulty of the boy’s life and how emotional abuse made all of his days endless and painful. Nonetheless, by employing another rupture in tone in the fifth line of the fifth stanza, Heaney introduces an impossible concept: hope. The semantic field of the universe â€Å"new moons†, â€Å"luminous†, â€Å"weightless†, â€Å"light†, â€Å"lunar distances†, and â€Å"travelled† alludes to the skepticism in the 1960s concerning the possibility of space travel, a reference which is directly applicable to Kevin; in spite of his isolation from the rest of the world (much like space itself), there is hope for his integration in society and the general restoration of his wellbeing. For instance, the line â€Å"but now you speak at last† conveys a promising tone since Kevin has finally learned to communicate, whereas the semantic field of speech â€Å"speak†, â€Å"remote mime†, â€Å"patience†, and â€Å"gaping wordless proof† demonstrates that while his progress remains a lifelong journey, there is hope for Kevin. Likewise, the semantic field of the universe is paradoxical since Heaney worships the moon and not God while it is religion that put the boy in his situation. The use of the present continuous verb tense as well as the fact that he doesn’t understand most affection received do not necessarily condemn him to a failed life, but rather imply that an eternal memory of his dark childhood will often haunt him in the process of his progress. On the contrary, Heaney glorifies the boy for his endurance and survival of severe mistreatment as well as his capability to remain loyal and faithful to a mother as phlegmatic as his own. In spite of contradicting the common notion that all mothers love their children endlessly, Heaney’s poem is still a powerful affirmation of the power of love and patience even in the most inhumane situations. Young Kevin Murphy has embodied everything that a child should never withstand: confinement and abuse in all its forms. Regardless, his loyalty to his mother and baby steps towards integration and communication reiterate the values of positivity and patience in reintroducing love in an individual’s life. While Kevin’s journey is an undesirable one, it is nevertheless an unbelievable testimony of a single individual’s strength and resilience even in the face of a living nightmare. Guiding Questions:How does the poet create empathy and compassion?How does the poet emphasize the child’s physical and emotional pain?Word Count: 1227 words

Descartes Meditation Iii - 1297 Words

In the Mediations of First Philosophy Descartes tries to prove the existence of God in the third meditation. He does this by coming up with several premises that eventually add up to a solid argument. First, I will explain why Descartes ask the question, does god exist? And why does Descartes think he needs such and argument at this point in the text. Secondly, I will explain, in detail, the arguments that Descartes makes and how he comes to the conclusion that God does exist. Next, I will debate some of Descartes premises that make his argument an unsound one, including circular reasoning. Finally, I will see if his unsound argument has diminished and undermined his principal goals and the incorrigible foundation of knowledge. In†¦show more content†¦Descartes has arrived at a conclusion and has proved his argument. There were a few smaller argument that Descartes offers throughout the third meditation. One of them suggest that it is not possible to exist without the e xistence of God, given that I have an idea of him. This argument is sort of goes along with the Causal Adequacy Principle. It isnt a huge part of his argument, but does add another premise to it. Another argument that Descartes suggest in trying to prove that there is an existence of God is with the Evil Demon Theory. Descartes tries to prove that there is a God by proving that there is no evil demon and if there is no evil demon than there must be a God. This works of the premise that if there is no evil demon giving Descartes the ideas then it must be a good creator, Supreme Being or God. Now that Descartes has established his argument and proven it, we can now see whether or not his argument is sound or unsound. Descartes laid out several premises and eventually came to the conclusion that God does exist, but some of his premises can be debated and make his argument unsound. The main objection to Descartes arguments is that he uses circular reasoning. Circular reasoning i s basically defining something with itself or proving something exists with itself, for example, defining water as water. Descartes uses this all the time in is arguments. The circularity can be seen by his statements being entailed by such clearShow MoreRelatedDescartes: Meditation Iii Summary Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesJuliana Tabor Professor Webb Introduction to Philosophy 4/1/13 Descartes: Meditations 3 In Descartes’s Meditations III, the Meditator describes his idea of God as a substance that is infinite, eternal, immutable, independent, supremely intelligent, supremely powerful, and which created both myself and everything else.(70) Thus, due to his opinion in regards to the idea of God, the Meditator views God containing a far more objective reality than a formal one. Due to the idea that of GodRead More Descartes1226 Words   |  5 Pages The next stage in the system, as outlined in the Meditations, seeks to establish that God exists. In his writings, Descartes made use of three principal arguments. The first (at least in the order of presentation in the Meditations) is a causal argument. While its fullest statement is in Meditation III, it is also found in the Discourse (Part IV) and in the Principles (Part I  §Ã‚ § 17–18). The argument begins by examining the thoughts contained in the mind, distinguishing between the formal realityRead MoreThe On First Philo sophy By Rene Descartes1699 Words   |  7 PagesIn his work Meditations on First Philosophy, published in 1641, Renà © Descartes sets out to establish a set of indubitable truths for the sciences. He begins by discarding all of his beliefs, then works to rebuild his beliefs based on careful thought. Descartes clearly states this goal, saying in the First Meditation, â€Å"I will work my way up†¦ I will accomplish this by putting aside everything that admits of the least doubt† (I, 17). He is able to establish his own existence, but struggles to move beyondRead MoreThomas Aquinas vs. Descarates Essays673 Words   |  3 PagesTHOMAS AQUINA’S V. DESCARATES Meditation III Several hundred years ago, two great philosophers Thomas Aquinas’s and Rene Descartes used the method of ontological argument for the existence of God and used intuition and reason alone to get to each other’s theory. Rene Descartes wrote out several mediations, but the one we’re going to touch base on is meditation III that he wrote in the 1600’s; While Thomas Aquinas’s wrote his five proofs of God in 1270 that specifies God’s existence in each proof;Read MoreDescartes Cosmological And Ontological Arguments Are Well1455 Words   |  6 Pages Descartes Cosmological and Ontological arguments are well organized and are perceived as valid. However, these arguments may be found valid only if we follow the rules of Descartes premises through deductive reasoning. The soundness of Descartes Ontological and Cosmological arguments are questioned in this paper as I argue against Descartes axioms. Descartes bases his proofs of God on specific propositions and his own claims of knowledge. The lack of proof behind his premises is why I cannot exceptRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1080 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout Rene Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy, God is not mentioned until the third meditation. Descartes point of view on God simply claims his existence through the act of being. According to his claim, God must, essentially, exist as well as being an outcome of His own creation. Descartes was greatly interested in the idea that God’s being promoted an external force that controlled a ll beings that supported his presence. Descartes declarations, presented in his Meditations on First PhilosophyRead MoreMind and Body866 Words   |  3 Pagesrationalist philosophical views regarding this topic, one which is by Rene Descartes and the other by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Rationalists, in philosophical terms, are the ones who obtain their knowledge through reasoning rather than the human senses. Descartes and Leibniz both have similar perspectives, but Leibniz takes a slightly different approach to improve Descartes’ argument. This paper will first show Descartes’ original argument, an example that proves the argument to be invalid, andRead MorePhilosophy: Questions on Descartes Principles740 Words   |  3 Pagesjustify/explain your answer) ____ In Meditation One, Descartes writes, My reason tells me that as well as withholding assent from propositions that are obviously false, I should also withhold it from ones that are not completely certain and indubitable (p. 1). Which of the following does this quotation express? Principle of Universal Doubt Principle of Indiscernibility Archimedean Principle Epistemic Principle None of the above. ____ In Meditation One, Descartes ultimately dismisses the conclusionRead More descartes Essay684 Words   |  3 Pages Descartes—Meditation III nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Meditation III, Descartes presents his argument for the existence of God. He makes this argument here because it is one of his stronger arguments. In this essay, I will summarize and critically assess this argument. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Descartes begins this meditation with a review of what he is certain of so far. He is skeptical of the existence of bodily things, but s certain that he exists and that he is a thinking thing. HeRead MoreDescartes Was A Philosopher That Did Not Take Any Truth961 Words   |  4 PagesDescartes was a philosopher that did not take any truth without questioning it. This is key in truly understanding the world around us. A real seeker of truth must doubt everything once in their lifetime. Without doubt, we have no reason. Without reason, we cannot hold any truths to be correct. Descartes truly understood how the rudiments vested in us by an infinite power play a powerful role in the way we live today. 1. What is your initial point of view? My initial point of view is that in order

The Effects Of Poaching On The State Of Idaho - 1525 Words

As many people know, poaching has been a common problem around the United States. In Idaho specifically, hunting is considered a pretty big sport, therefore there are quite a few poachers in Idaho. Title 36 Fish and Game, Chapter 14 General Penal Provisions, also known as policy 36-1404, speaks and addresses the problem of poaching in the state of Idaho. â€Å"Any person who pleads guilty, is found guilty of or is convicted of the illegal killing or the illegal possession or illegal waste of game animals or birds or fish shall reimburse the state for each animal so killed or possessed or wasted† (Idaho Statutes). For each animal there are different punishments, for example elk have a seven hundred and fifty dollar fine for each animal killed, possessed or wasted. As for caribou, bighorn sheep, mountain goats, and moose the fine is much larger, on thousand five hundred dollars for each animal. Any other species of big game that was not named results in a four hundred dollar fin e for each animal killed, possessed or wasted (Idaho Statutes). Trophy big game animals result in a much larger punishment. Trophy bighorn sheep, trophy moose, trophy mountain goat, and trophy caribou killed, possessed or wasted result in a ten thousand dollar fine. Trophy elk are a five thousand dollar fine and trophy pronghorn antelope, white-tailed deer and mule deer are all two thousand dollars. Any further animals killed within a year of the first killing will result in the doubling of the originalShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Impacts of Tourism6014 Words   |  25 Pagesactivities that can have adverse environmental effects. Many of these impacts are linked with the construction of general infrastructure such as roads and airports, and of tourism facilities, including resorts, hotels, restaurants, shops, golf courses and marinas. The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy the environmental resources on which it depends.On the other hand, tourism has the potential to create beneficial effects on the environment by contributing to environmental

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Obesity The Current State Of Obesity - 1518 Words

Fatty Taxes The current state of obesity in the United States is a greater than that of other countries who live healthier lifestyles. Living healthy lifestyles is a great goal for a country to look towards achieving, and encouraging these lifestyles can benefit the country as well as the people. There are a lot of benefits for living healthy lifestyles, while there are also many negatives to living an unhealthy lifestyle. Taxing fatty foods would help to encourage buying healthy foods, and it could reduce obesity rates in America. There are a couple of problems within this way of thinking like: profits declining, people having to spend more, and the government going against the people. But the overall benefits of having more and more people move towards a healthier lifestyle would greatly overrule the downsides of it. Being able to lower the risk of disease by encouraging healthy lifestyles is something to stride for. Taxing fatty foods would be a great way to help encourage people to buy healthier foods and to lead healthier, fitter lives. With the state of unhealthy foods in the United States, where it is easily available to get fatty foods rather than the opposite, the obesity rates have gone up. The obesity epidemic has gone from an inconvenience to a soon-to-be problem. In 2010, about 35.7% of U.S. adults — nearly 78 million people — were obese. That’s up from 30.5% in 2000, but not much of a difference from 33.7% in 2008 (Healthland.time.com). With the steadyShow MoreRelatedThe Current State Of Obesity1526 Words   |  7 Pages ENGLISH COMPOSITION Term 2 By: Darwin Hatfield S104430â€Æ' Fatty Taxes The current state of obesity in the United States is a greater than that of other countries who live healthier lifestyles. Living healthy lifestyles is a great goal for a country to look towards achieving, and encouraging these lifestyles can benefit the country as well as the people. There are a lot of benefits for living healthy lifestyles, while there are also many negatives to living an unhealthy lifestyle. TaxingRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On The United States Today1479 Words   |  6 Pagespediatric obesity now represents one of the most pressing nutritional problems facing children in the United States today. International population studies report comparable rates of increase, so that if current trends remain unchecked, childhood obesity is likely to challenge worldwide public health. Substantial consequences to physical and mental health, both short and long term, must be anticipated. Unfortunately, there is no uniform definition of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity has beenRead MoreEssay on Policy Priority Issue1648 Words   |  7 PagesPolicy Priority Issue: The Childhood Obesity Pandemic Marla C. Khalikov Chamberlain College of Nursing NR506 – 10999: Health Care Policy Winter 2014 Policy Priority Issue: The Childhood Obesity Pandemic Childhood obesity is a global pandemic requiring prioritization in policy and health care reform. It has many effects on acute and long term health, including increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and certain types of cancer. This paper addressesRead MoreObesity : A Major Health Challenge1319 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Obesity is a major health challenge in the United States. The World Obesity Federation reports obesity has become a major growing health problem since infectious diseases and nutrient deficiencies began to fade in the first half of the 20th century (WOF, 2015, para 1). Obesity is one of the biggest challenges facing healthcare today. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention report more than one-third of adults in the United States are obese and childhood obesity is at 17 percentRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Health Economics Of The United States1024 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch paper explores the impact of obesity on health economics of the United States at a national level. There is a brief description on obesity and related health conditions. The topic discussion includes the prevalence of obesity and its associated medical expenditure in the present and future. It reports on how obesity as a current epidemic has affected United States. The paper’s main focus is o n the total federal and state revenue utilization, in regards to obesity. It illustrates various methodsRead MoreThe Battle Against Obesity Is A Health Issue Of Great Importance1237 Words   |  5 Pagescommunity and public health nurses alike, the battle against obesity is a health issue of great importance. Obesity is shown to be directly responsible for many of the negative health issues we see today. It contributes to higher risk of having chronic disease and poor health (which will be explained). Obesity is a nationwide epidemic stretching across the whole human development spectrum: from childhood obesity, adolescent obesity and adult obesity. The prevalence of children being overweight is growingRead MoreThe Economics Of Obesity And Obesity1180 Words   |  5 PagesEconomics of Obesity Obesity’s presence has reached much larger magnitudes than ever before in human history. 33% of adults and above 20% of children in the U.S. are classified as obese as concluded by Duke University (â€Å"Over a Lifetime†). Although obesity appears to be strictly a medical problem, many new studies are showing that obesity is linked to numerous factors such as society, technology, politics, and economics. As a result of multifarious fields, reducing childhood obesity in the U.S. isRead MoreA Brief Note On Fighting Against Childhood Obesity1504 Words   |  7 PagesFighting Against Childhood Obesity In 2006, about 15% of all children and teens, ages 6-19, were obese (Eberstadt 45). How do you maintain a healthy weight? A healthy weight is reached by balancing the number of calories you eat with the number of calories you use. Weight gain occurs when the number of calories you eat is greater than the number of calories you use (Beliefnet 1). The National Childhood Obesity Foundation (NCOF), is working to eliminate childhood obesity by promoting physical activityRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Relatively New And Disturbing Term Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood obesity is a relatively new and disturbing term. It is an extremely serious problem that many children in the United States face. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2014), approximately 12.7 million or seventeen percent of children and adolescents aged two to nineteen are considered to be obese (Childhood Obesity). This is an astronomical number and it is only continuing to rise. According to Schroeder et al. (2016), there is approximately an addition fifteen percentRead MoreObesity Is A Disease, By Dr. Mitchell Roslin1224 Words   |  5 PagesWhen we talk about people’s health in United States, what generally pops up in mind? Many people might think of several diseases, for instance stroke and cancer, but nobody thinks about the existing disease, Obesity, which is becoming one of the leading problems in the United States. One of the definitions of Obesity is growth of redundant fat in the body. This is an everyday life disease that spreads rapid universally. Today, obesity affects people of all ages, gender, and ethnicity. As most of

Media Thinness and Teenagers Free Essays

string(111) " journal Human Organization this spring by a team of black and white researchers at the University of Arizona\." The following paper will present a counterargument to the idea that body image is shaped by attitudes in the media.   Part of this counterargument will rely on the fact that thinness is cultural problem and not a media problem as will be examined using the peer reviewed article Ingrassia Springen wrote The body of the beholder,   which examines attitudes of race in regards to body thinness and how Caucasian women are more strict on their bodies while African American women, due to culture, perceive their normal bodies to be normal. The other argument being presented in this paper will be on how models do not warp young girls’ minds to the ideas of thinness but rather it is an individual perspective that allows women to feel as though they are not thin enough. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Thinness and Teenagers or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Thus the paper’s main idea will be that media does not present a too thin body but rather it is in the perception of the culture that does this. Part A Body image in the media is used to represent a product and to sell that product, like coca-cola or something else.   The media giants choose thin models not as them saying to how women should look but rather as a way to how they want their product to appear to the audience; thus, the scope of this problem comes from teenagers, girls, who buy into the marketing media of supermodel thinness, and then become anorexic to fit this ideal. The idea of thinness is misconstrued on the idea that women’s bodies are too thin and thus those too thin bodies present to the advertising world what their body should look like, but this is not true.   Thinness is in the eye of the beholder, â€Å"When individuals evaluate their appearance, they can either concur or disagree with other evaluators.   If dissensus occurs its direction can be either self enhancing or self-denigrating† (Levinson 1986; 330). Women and men are sensible enough to know what is too thin to be realistic; often times media transform their model’s bodies and digitally improve or reduce the model’s body thus presenting a false image.   This is not done in order to tell young girls that their bodies should be thin but in keeping in mind with the best possible way to present the product of the advertisement, therefore the problem is affecting a mass amount of people, especially in the western society since marketing is targeting these countries.   The fact that such images are digitally ‘improved’ in one way or another is no secret and therefore the good reason that such images produce too thin body ideals does not hold against the argument that they indeed do, I mean we can alter that body shape definitely†¦I mean the computer can pretty much do anything.   You can alter it†¦they don’t tend to †¦but its kind of up to the model editor†¦You make ‘em†¦sort of squish them together to make them look thinner (Milkie 2002; 851). Another argument against the too thin body image presented in the media is that this is more of a cultural attitude.   In The body of the beholder the authors stress that more often than not Caucasian women have poor images of themselves while African American women do not; this is due to culture and not to media; in other words, the body image is in the eyes of the beholder and not in the eyes of the media, â€Å"Quite commonly researchers restrict samples to white subjects or ignore race as an independent variable in their designs.   However, existing anecdotal and case studies report that blacks assign positive qualities of well-being and power to heavy-women† (Levinson et al. 1986; 331). Part B Culture teaches that thinness is the ultimate ideal; but whose culture?   The argument of this paper now becomes mingled with the fact that American culture is imitating African American culture in dress, song, and literature.   Rap, Hip-Hop and Gansta Rap are all becoming the values by which the culture focuses its appearance right down to cars, jewelry, clothing, and body image.   It is now considered normal to have grills on one’s teeth, to wear ‘bling’ and to copy in whatever capacity possible the African American culture and nowhere is this seen more often than in suburban neighborhoods as rap sales are more than half sold to young white audiences. With this new found cultural thing alive in the American culture the other argument evolves into one that also mirrors the body image of African American women which is voluptuous The minority respondents, in sharp contrast, did not emulate these images nor compare themselves as negatively with the models.   Even though most of the black girls occasionally read the mainstream publications, they considered the images less relevant, belonging to ‘white girls’ culture and not part of a reference group toward which they oriented themselves†¦The black girls indicated that they did not relate to the images and did not wish to emulate the rigid white beauty ideal (Milkie 1999; 200). African American women present to culture their body image as counter to waiflike, with curves and in fact African American women are more content with their body image than white women and this goes against the media portraying real, curvy women.   Adolescence will impersonate whatever they see as ‘cool’ or popular and right now there are two conflicting things that arise; the ideal of the waiflike woman, and the ideal of the more voluptuous woman as seen in African American culture. An adolescent will turn to whatever is deemed as cool in their social clique.   This leads to the fact that since American culture has included into its ‘cool’ factor the images of African American women that soon the idea of thinness will be counter culture and African American women’s standards will be the normal standard, â€Å"†¦there’s growing evidence that black and white girls view their bodies in dramatically different ways. The latest finding come in a study to be published in the journal Human Organization this spring by a team of black and white researchers at the University of Arizona. You read "Media Thinness and Teenagers" in category "Essay examples"   While 90 percent of the white junior-high and high school girls studied voiced dissatisfaction with their weight, 70 percent of African-American teens were satisfied with their bodies† (Ingrassia Springen 1995; 66). This study goes on to state that even when overweight black teenagers were interviewed they still viewed themselves and described themselves as happy.   This source of size in fact is somewhat of a source of pride, the study further emphasized other different facets by which white and black girls viewed themselves, â€Å"Asked to describe women as they age, two thirds of the black teens said they get more beautiful, and many cited their mothers as examples.   White girls responded that their mothers may have been beautiful—back in their youth.   Says anthropologist Mimi Nichter, one of ht study’s coauthors, ‘In white culture, the window of beauty is so small’ (Ingrassia Springen 1995; 66). Part C Thus, the problems of thinness arrive from the culturally dishonest.   Black and white girls are exposed to the same media but their sense of self identity as seen in that media is quite different as the above statements have proven.   Thus, the ideals of beauty are the main contributors of what is considered to be normal.   White girls see 5 foot 7 inches and between 100 to 110 pounds to be normal while African American girls describe their ideal size as exhibiting full hips, thick thighs, and basically in the words of Sir Mix-A lot ‘baby got back’ (Ingrassia Springen 1995; 66).   These African American teens also described ideal beauty has having the right attitude. †¦African American mothers must teach their daughters how to negotiate between two often confliction cultures: Black and white and must prepare daughters to cope with the racial and sexual dangers in the realities of the world that Black women must confront†¦Black mothers also play an important role in mitigating the dominant culture’s devaluing messages by providing more positive messages and alternatives to the white middle class ideal to their daughters to offset the negative reflections they see of themselves in the eye of the dominant culture (Lovejoy 2001: 253). This study only further exemplifies the argument in this paper that it is not the media that perpetuates the cult of thinness but rather this false ideal is found in the fact that perception is the ingredient in thinness.   Culture is the curse from which thinness arises, Underlying the beauty gap are 200 years of cultural differences. â€Å"In white, middleclass America, part of the great American Dream of making it is to be able to make yourself over,† says Nichter. â€Å"In the black community, there is the reality that you might not move up the ladder as easily. As one girl put it, you have to be realistic-if you think negatively about yourself, you won’t get anywhere.† It’s no accident that Barbie has long embodied a white adolescent ideal-in the early days, she came with her own scale (set at 110) and her own diet guide (â€Å"How to Lose Weight: Don’t Eat†). Even in this post-feminist era, Barbie’s tight-is-right message is stronger than ever. Before kindergarten, researchers say, white girls know that Daddy eats and Mommy diets. By high school, many have split the world into physical haves and have-nots, rivals across the beauty line. â€Å"It’s not that you hate them [perfect girls],† says Sarah Immel, a junior at Evanston Township High School north of Chicago. â€Å"It’s that you’re kind of jealous that they have it so easy, that they’re so perfect-looking.† (Ingrassia Springen 1995; 66). Thus, the black ideal can be argued to be less limiting, and less focused on something that is unrealistic.   Since white culture stresses the make-over then black culture stresses self respect and being happy with ‘you’.   In Ingrassia Springen’s article they quote Tyra Banks, a supermodel who had said that in high school she was the envy of her white friends when she would repeatedly say that she wanted thighs like her black girlfriends; the split of culture is clearly found in this fact. The media centers on selling a product through presentation of an ideal body.   However, the media world is being taken over by Black culture from BET to Fox.   The ideals are changing with regards to body image.   The strongest signal that is competing for body image is peer pressure.   Since groups of teens are influential with their friends the black community is able to reiterate their ideals of body image to their friends and since they do not emulate the waiflike figures of supermodels so common in culturally white media (which is diminishing) they are more able to disregard the unrealistic image presented to them in advertisements. White girls however are suffering from their own culture and the reiteration of this culture not only through media at times but through the concept that has been taught to them that their mothers are always on a diet.   White culture has taught these girls more than the media has that their daddies eat and their mothers are on diets (Ingrassia Springen 1995; 66). Ingrassia Springen further emphasize that white culture teaches that it is okay and even normal to have an eating disorder such as anorexia or bulimia, but in black culture these are even more of a phenomenon as black girls do not succumb to this masochism since their culture does not present it as a strong factor to be considered normal, â€Å"Black teens don’t usually go to such extremes. Anorexia and bulimia are relatively minor problems among African-American girls. And though 51 percent of the black teens in the study said they’d dieted in the last year, follow-up interviews showed that far fewer were on sustained weight-and-exercise programs. Indeed, 64 percent of the black girls thought it was better to be â€Å"a little† overweight than underweight. And while they agreed that â€Å"very overweight† girls should diet, they defined that as someone who â€Å"takes up two seats on the bus.†Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚   (Ingrassia Springen 1995; 66). Ingrassia Springen state in their study that 90% of white girls have some dissatisfaction with their bodies and that 62% of them are on a diet within the past year.   The study further states that 70% of black girls are happy with their body image and 64% say that it is better to be a little overweight than a little underweight (Ingrassia Springen 1995; 66). This paper has stated that the media’s norms are changing with the introduction and focus on black culture that presents different body images.   The paper further stated that media was not the only device by which white girls receive their dissatisfied approach to their own bodies but with their mother’s influence of dieting thinness became an ideal.   It is with the changing cultural norms of switching focus from white culture to black culture that new media images will begin to filter into society as is exemplified through programs on television such as Queen Latifah whose body image though overweight by white culture standards is considered to be beautiful with black cultures.   Thus, the focus of a more voluptuous body, with curves, and a larger ‘booty’ is becoming the American standard. Bibliography Dittmar, Helga Sarah Howard.   (December 2004).   Professional hazards? The impact  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of models’ body size on advertising effectiveness and women’s body-focused  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   anxiety in professions that do and do not emphasize the cultural ideal of  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   thinness. British Journal Of Social Psychology, 43(4), 477-497. Dohnt, Hayley Marika Tiggemann.   (September 2006).   The contribution of peer and  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   media influences to the development of body satisfaction and self-esteem in  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   young girls: a prospective study.   Developmental Psychology, 42(5), 929-936. Ingrassia, Michele; Springen, Karen.   (24 April 1995).  Ã‚   The body of the beholder.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Newsweek,  Ã‚   Vol. 125 Issue 17, p66. Levinson, Richard et al.   (Dec. 1986).   Social Location, Significant Others and Body  Ã‚  Ã‚   Image Among Adolescents.   Social Psychology Quarterly.   Vol. 49, No. 4,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   pp330-337. Lovejoy, Meg.   (April 2001).   Disturbances in the Social Body:   Differences in Body  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Image And Eating Problems Among African American and White Women.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gender and Society.   Vol. 15.   No. 2. pp239-261. Milkie, Melissa.   (December 2002).   Contested Images of Femininity: An Analysis of Cultural Gatekeepers’ Struggles with the ‘Real Girl’ Critique.   Gender and Society.   Vol. 16, No. 6.   pp839-859. Milkie, Melissa A.   (June 1999).   Social Comparisons, Reflected Appraisals, and Mass  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Media:The Impact of Pervasive Beauty Images on Black and White Girls’ Self Concepts. Social Psychology Quarterly.   Vol. 62, No. 2.   pp190-210. How to cite Media Thinness and Teenagers, Essay examples

Organizational Issues in Global Context Method

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Issues In Global Context Method. Answer: Introduction The modern-day life of a global leader is more difficult than ever. They need to motivate a group of employees who are from very diverse backgrounds with different cultures, they need to increase the productivity, efficiency and achieve the targets set by the board. Externally, they must face a global environment which is complex and ever changing, shareholders are always on a look out for better opportunities they must give them a reason to stay by exceeding their expectations (Baum Oliver 2015). This all comes along with a consideration that they must work with people from different background who have very different ways of getting the work done. Jet travel opened an all-new frontier to do business, the constraint of time and reach was solved in an instant and then internet took it one step further. Organizations saw an opportunity to go global and set up businesses in countries which were even unheard off and earn even more income. But as organizations begin to diversify the problems they face also intensify such as employee issues, personal conflicts, company structure, team problems etc (Bartlett, 2011). clearly, no business model works best for all organizations because of the opportunities and challenges they face based on the kind of business they are in. Another reason why single model doesnt fit all the global companies is because of their different histories, culture, structure and management. Companies which have grown organically on its own without acquisitions have a potential of scale and scope and align different workforces under one roof but find it much more difficult to adjust their products and services as p er local needs. Whereas, the companies which have grown mainly on Mergers and acquisitions find it easier to tailor their products as per local needs but very difficult to align a workforce which comes from diverse background behind a single value system and strategy (Glaister, 2014). Being global brings clear opportunities and benefits such as building new markets, access to newer technologies, new suppliers, new partners and above all more income and profits. But being global also bring a set of issues such as factors to consider while going global, different models to follow in different countries, different legal environment and so on. This report aims to find out the issues which an organization faces in the global context. Factors that affect firms strategies while expanding International business is very different from business in home country there are host of issues which the company faces when going international which they dont have to face otherwise, some of them are: Standardization of products: The very first factor to consider when going global is the quality of the goods and services, firms going international needs to offer high quality of goods and services to maintain a strong foothold in the market. Every country has its own standards of quality that needs to be met to sustain in the market with high competition (Bleek Ernst, 2015). Quality without consistency is no good, companies along with good quality needs to maintain consistency in their goods, which means every product should be the same. To do this a dedicated quality control department needs to be set up to ensure quality check through rigorous product testing. Flexibility: When entering foreign markets, it is essential for the business to be able to change and adapt its marketing plans, production and business plans as per the market requirements. Drastic changes in the demand patterns might add to lot of challenges therefore, it is advisable to be open to new suggestions as every country has its own form of producing and marketing goods (Burgel, Murray, 2010). Companies have to adapt to local culture and trends to find an optimum balance between what it wants to achieve and the means to achieve them. Language and cultural differences: When expanding into local markets there are no such considerations to be taken as businesses are already acquainted with the culture but while expanding in the foreign markets it is of utmost importance to understand the culture and language. Employees of the organizations must learn new language or find a representative to guide the business growth strategies (Cavusgil Evirgen, 2011). There are instances when bold firm strategies have failed in marketing the product while subtle hints in some countries have done wonders. These differences can only be understood through research or by consulting local agencies. Market readiness: While entering newer markets its readiness plays a very important role in the success of the organization. There should be demand of the product which the organization is trying to sell, if there is no demand for the goods organization can suffer huge losses (Contractor Lorange, 2015). Another point is availability of substitute goods in the market, if there are goods which directly compete with the product of the organization and are available at a cheaper price it is very difficult to sustain. Therefore, before entering, analyzing the markets and formulating strategies accordingly becomes very important (Lindquist, 2015). Organizational Structure: Having an organization structure that is aligned to the local market is very important. Strategies which support the expansion plan needs to be clearly defined and implemented effectively. Some strategies include finding buyers for the products, setting up a local branch or foreign branch, selection of buyers if production is to be done locally, availability of raw materials, hiring local employees etc. Strategizing these decisions is a major factor to consider while expanding. Rules and regulations: Every country has its own set of rules and regulations regarding FDI, taxation, quality etc. which the business must consider and take care off before expansion and production process to go underway. It is advisable to consult a legal counsel in the host country to understand the nitty-gritties and then formulate the business strategies to make the process smoother (Lei Slocum, 2015). Investment and capital: International expansion is not an easy and cheap task, it does not happen overnight. Time and money are needed to take the business beyond the geographical markets. For expansion business, must have sufficient capital to infuse in the activities of the foreign markets. If the capital is to be raised various financial decisions are to be taken like, whether to raise equity capital or debt capital, what would be the Return on investment, what would be the payback period after having considerable amount of research it is to be decided if expansion would be a good decision or not (Geringer, 2015). Expansion model of firms from developed countries vs Firms from developed economies Corporations in developed economies have a greater advantage while expanding business because of the following reasons: Easy accessibility to capital: Corporations in developed economy such as US, Germany, UK have an easier access to capital because of their large business. Since the business already established in developed economies have a huge sales and profit due to higher purchasing power of the population. This allows them to invest huge amount of capital into expanding their business. They have deep pockets to absorb losses arising from the business in developing economies, these companies have the capacity to offset the losses in developing economies by the profits generated from the developed countries (McDougall, Shane, Oviatt, 2013). Corporations in developing economies do not enjoy such liberty as they dont have multiple income sources and must spare capital from the existing business therefore, they make decisions when they are certain of making profits. This limits their growth prospects due to shortage of capital. Strong Brand name: Corporations from developed economies enjoy a greater advantage in terms of their brand name, due to the wide existence in various countries and huge consumer base. Having a strong brand name helps in easy acceptability by customers in the host countries, high bargaining power with buyers, suppliers and even governments, ease in raising additional capital and existing confidence in the buyers. These corporations do not have to incur high marketing costs to increase awareness about their products as they are already very famous in the international markets (Adler, 2007) and thus, creates a pull demand from the buyers in the host country. This also allows them to charge premium over their products. Firms from developing countries do not enjoy such privileges and must start from the scratch. By building their brand name and raise expensive capital. The only way to succeed and compete with such multinational corporations is to deliver products which exceed customer exp ectations and provide greater value for money. Strong technological prowess: Multinational corporations in developed economies have a strong technology in terms of its research and development, whereas the firms from developing economies do not have such technological advantage. Global multinational organizations constantly through its RD innovates newer products and processes which help them drive down costs and increase profit margins. This let them grow exponentially because of lower cost of production and easier access to markets. Firms even enjoy economies of scale which other corporations do not enjoy (Mahoney, Trigg, Griffin Putsay, 2011). Selection of foreign partners: Firms that enjoy strong brand name gets better foreign partners who have enough resources to invest in the business when it needs to increase the scale of operations, this is because multinational corporation brings technology which helps the local partners to grow and give global name for themselves. Whereas, companies from developing countries find it very difficult to find local partners whose mission align with theirs. This influences the model of expansion where multinationals increase its scale exponentially while firms from developing countries take it slow and expand only when they feel its the right time (Mohr Spekman, 2013). Backend infrastructure: Companies having operations in developed countries have a very strong back end infrastructure in terms of logistics, delivery skills, handling demand fluctuations and warehousing etc. this makes it easier for them when expanding into newer markets to replicate the existing systems with few minor changes. Firms in developing countries due to poor infrastructure do not have advantage over backend infrastructure but they have an advantage when it comes to adapting to the local needs and demand fluctuations. Because of lower per capita income and tough economic situations companies in developing economies have a competitive advantage and thrive in such environment which becomes difficult for the multinationals (Doutriaux, 2012). Companies from the developing economy avoid the traditional method to expand business by opening its subsidiaries, they either enter business in niche segment or they enter through MA in the host nation. As they usually do not have enough resources to build from the start. Most of the times it is seen such companies try to revamp the existing business which matches their business plans and enter through mode of acquisition (Glaister Buckley, 2011). Whereas, the firms in developed nations due to easier access to capital, technology, strong brand name, support from local partners and strong back end infrastructure follows a traditional approach of forming subsidiaries and expand into newer markets. Global organizational leadership issues: The global challenges of leadership within organizations can be very difficult within the context of global roles. As the leaders, must motivate a diverse workforce to keep ahead of the competitors and exceed the expectations of the stakeholders (Krubasik Lautenschlager, 2013). Managing Diverse Workforce: Due to firms operating in multiple locations throughout the world they employ people from different backgrounds of life, raised in different cultures, different educational qualifications and it becomes very difficult to align their interests with the organizational interest under one value system and strategy. Each employee has unique characteristic by a host of attributes such as experience, religion, social norms etc. To lead effectively the managers, need to understand the influence of such factors on the behavior in the functioning of the organization (Hamel, 2015). Distributed team members: In the global scenario where production happens in one country while marketing happens all over the globe, customer service executives are in one country while customers are all over the world. Raw material is sourced from all over the world. Managing all the verticals of business activities becomes very difficult because of different geographies and times zones (Hamel Prahalad, 2015). Managers must keep the communication channel clear and open especially when the face to face communication is limited. Managers often struggle in defining the clear roles and responsibilities because of which employees do not have clear idea to what is that they are responsible for. Since, employees in different locations have different reporting standards and officers it becomes extremely important to provide right leadership support to each one of them to keep them motivated. Managing Change within laws: Managers must understand the business, its products and must have an acumen to perform in the environment which is ever changing because of technology, consumer demands, competition and laws of hiring and firing in different countries. Temporary and part time workers play a very important role in todays work force. Laws regarding these workers differ from countries to countries. For ex. Indonesia, doesnt have a concept of part time workers they only recognize full time workers and have a law that part time workers are entitled to same benefits as the full-time workers. Such issues are of concern for organizations which work in different countries as they must adhere to different laws of the lands. Global issues in International marketing: The main motive of any business organization is to earn profit which is only possible if the product succeeds in creating demand for itself and for that it is very necessary to create marketing strategies. But before creating those the following factors are to be taken into consideration: Language: Language here in particular refers to translation, companies needs to pay very close attention when marketing their products in the countries other than home country. There have been various cases where companies had to face serious financial losses because of advertising mistakes. For ex when Coca-Cola entered china the name translated to bite the wax tadpole because of which they never really succeed in entering the Chinese market later after the research they had to launch a campaign telling the meaning. General motors suffered the same with their car named Nova which meant it wont go in North America and it was complete failure. Therefore, when entering foreign countries, it is advisable to research and then market the products accordingly (Jones-Evans Westhead, 2014). Taste: Entering the foreign markets for some companies can be very difficult because of the countrys eating habits. McDonalds and KFC who globally serve only non-veg menus had to change their complete menu and add veg burgers and remove beef burgers from their original menu as in India beef consumption is considered off limits. Therefore, adaptability is necessary to enter such markets (Mitchell, K. Singh, 2014). Regional values: Many times, a country may have an extreme regional difference which are to be taken into account when entering such countries. For ex in Canada they have a large French speaking population in Montreal and Quebec that are very different in cultures than rest of the country which speaks English, therefore, companies have to individually target these two regions by marketing the products in French. Investment restrictions: Many countries like India have restrictions on the amount of FDI which can be brought in by the companies. For ex Walmart from last so many years has been trying to enter Indian market. But Indian regulations of not more than 51% FDI is allowed in multi Brand retail, also out of all the raw materials purchased by the company 30% must be sourced from Indian enterprises which Walmart is not agreeing to therefore, such issues are hindrances towards the entry of Walmart in Indian market. Companies which comply to such regulations can do business in such countries (Trompenaars, 1997). As technology gets more advanced the world has become more closer and becoming smaller day by day. The business or companies that market their product and services effectively in foreign markets, gain from the huge potential that they offer them. Therefore, the marketing team of the companies must consider the following factors before deciding upon the marketing strategies (Eisenhardt, 2015). Conclusion: Organizations now a day are going global with all the benefits that come from going international there are hosts of factors which an organization must consider before entering foreign nations such as standardization of products, investment and capital, market readiness, organizational structure and also rules and regulations of different lands. Organizations from developed nations and developing nations both are expanding their business but have different models of expansion because of the environment in which they function are completely different. Firms from developed markets have an easier access to capital, a strong brand name, better technology, easy availability of local partner and better backend infrastructure, whereas, firms in developing nations have a better adaptability towards local situations which helps them formulate strategies which suit the local needs (Mowery, D. C., I. E. Oxley Silverman, 2014). Doing business in different countries also bring host of issues for the organizational leadership such as managing the diverse workforce which belongs to different cultures and backgrounds, with globalization different verticals of organizations are in different countries creating coordination between verticals a difficult task as they are situated in different geographical time zones and face to face interaction is negligible. With such a fast-moving environment, the laws of the land also change which must be complied by the organizations. There would be no existence of the companies if they wont earn profits and that is possible by successful marketing of the products which can be done by taking care of following factors such as taste, language, regional values and investment restrictions. For an organization to be successful all the above-mentioned factors are to be taken care off and then strategies to enter foreign markets are to be formulated. References Adler, N. (2007) International dimensions of organizational behaviour, 5th ed., South-Western College Publishing, Cincinnati.Hofstede, G. (1994) Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind - Intercultural Cooperation and its Importance for Survival, Harper-Collins, London Baum, J. A. C., and Oliver C. (2015). Institutional linkages and organizational mortality. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 187-218. Bartlett, C. (2011) Transnational Management: Text, cases and readings in cross-border management, 6th ed., 658.049 BAR.6 Bleek, J., and Ernst, D. (2015). The Way to Win in Cross-Border Alliances. Harvard Business Review, Nov.-Des, 127-135. Burgel, O., and Murray, G.C. (2010). The International Market Entry Choices of Start-up Companies in High-technology Industries. Journal of International Marketing, 8 (2), 33-62. Cavusgil, S. T., and Evirgen, C. (2011). Use of expert systems in international marketing. An application for co-operative venture partner selection. European Journal of Marketing, 31 (1), 73-86. Contractor, F. J., and Lorange, P (2015). Why should firms cooperate? The strategy and economics basis for cooperative ventures. In Cooperative Strategies in International Business, F.J. Contractor and P. Lorange, eds., Lexington Books, Lexington, MA, 1988, 330. Doutriaux, J. (2012). Emerging high-technology firms: how durable are their comparative start-up advantages. Journal of Business Venturing. 7 (4), 303-322. Eisenhardt, K. M. (2015). Building Theories from Case Study Research. Academy of Management Review, 14 (4), 532-550. Geringer, M. J. (2015), Strategic Determinants of Partner Selection Criteria in International Joint Ventures, 22 (4), pp. 41-63. Glaister, K. W. (2014). UK-Western European Strategic Alliances: Motives and Selection Criteria. Journal of Euro-marketing, 5 (4), 5-36. Glaister, K. W., and Buckley, P. J. (2011). Task-related and Partner-related Selection Criteria in UK International Joint Ventures. British Journal of Management, 8, 199-222. Hamel G. (2015). Competition for competence and inter partner learning within international strategic alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 12 (1), 83-103. Hamel, G., and Prahalad C. K. (2015). To revitalize corporate performance, we need a whole new model of strategy. Harvard Business Review, May-June 7(3), 63-76. Jones-Evans, D., and Westhead, P. (2014). The high technology small firm sector in the UK. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour, 2 (1), 15-35. Krubasik, E., and Lautenschlager, H. (2013) Forming Successful Strategic Alliances in High-Tech Businesses. In Collaborating to Compete, J. Bleeke and D. Ernst, eds., John Wiley Sons Inc., New York, 1993. Lei, D., and Slocum Jr. J. (2015). Global Strategic Alliances: Payoffs and Pitfalls. Organizational Dynamics, 19 (3), 44-62. Lindquist, M. (2015). Infant Multinationals. Institute of International Business. Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden. 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Impact Of Stigmatization On The Service Of Mental Health Nurses

Question: Discuss about the Impact Of Stigmatization On The Service Of Mental Health Nurses. Answer: Stigmatization is an important issue that affects the healthcare service provided by the mental healthcare nurses. This, along with discrimination and negative behavior leads to create a situation that hampers the overall wellbeing of associated patients (Mrtensson, Jacobsson Engstrm, 2014). The working environment has a tremendous impact on the behavior of mental healthcare nurses towards the patients affected with mental impairments. The purpose of this assignment is to understand the impact of such stigmatized mental healthcare nurses on the provision of contemporary mental healthcare services. The first impact can be seen in case ofnursing professionals who have less knowledge, experience and education level regarding mental healthcare that effect their positive behavior towards such patient. Further according to Hansson, Stjernswrd Svensson (2014), it was determined that mental healthcare staffs working as out-patient care were able to behave positively to their patient whereas, in-patient care staffs were having negative behavior due to burnouts. Thirdly, Henderson et al., (2012) determined that contact hypothesis is the prime reason for the negative attitudes in healthcare professionals and increased communication and contact has the ability to remove the stigmatized behavior of such professionals towards mentally ill patients. Further, the working environment has also determined to have impact on the nature of staff towards mentally ill patients and the difference in their education and knowledge determines the level of competency and positive attitude for patients. T he reason behind this can be the social prejudice, discrimination and differences that determines social norms and abnormalities. Therefore, such social discrimination and stigmatized attitude exists between two different levels of healthcare professionals (Mrtensson, Jacobsson Engstrm, 2014). References Hansson, L., Stjernswrd, S., Svensson, B. (2014). Perceived and anticipated discrimination in people with mental illnessAn interview study.Nordic Journal of Psychiatry,68(2), 100-106. Henderson, C., Evans-Lacko, S., Flach, C., Thornicroft, G. (2012). Responses to mental health stigma questions: the importance of social desirability and data collection method.The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,57(3), 152-160. Mrtensson, G., Jacobsson, J. W., Engstrm, M. (2014).Mental health nursing staff's attitudes towards mental illness: an analysis of related factors.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing,21(9), 782-788.